In the book How We Learn: Why Brains Learn Better Than Any Machine, by Stanislas Dehaene, he uses hexagons in the diagram below to show neuronal recycling. I am not sure if he says the hexagons represent cortical columns. Hexagons are an efficient way of tiling a surface and the cortex is a surface. In the middle image a hexagon represents a prediction unit. In this image, there are many inputs to the prediction unit. The local model is used to compare all of the inputs from other prediction units to see if they make sense. If not, ERROR! Curious? Check out A gentle intro to Predictive Coding
Hexagons have aways had a special meaning to me. So, I chose to use hexagons to explore large scale brain networks, connections between brin areas, columns and coalitions.
Neuronal Recycling reusing brain patches for new purposes
object & faces columns used for words
Connections within Prediction Unit
Hexagons as Cortical Areas
Using fMRI, which essentially measures blood flow, and hence brain activity, certain regions, aka, areas, aka parcels, aka patches of the brain are more active during certain tasks than others. The 2016 Glasser parcelation 180 brain regions per hemisphere.
See: Glasser 2016 or more readable WUSTL Glasser blurb and
NY Times, 100 new brain regions. A bit more on brain regions can be found on my Consciousness page: Brain Regions.
Connections to Frontal Pole
Connections for Visual and Auditory Processing
Connections to dlPFC & vlPFC
Connections for Value Judgements
Hexagons as Cortical Columns
Coalitions of Neurons make up thoughts
Cortical Columns make up Cortical Areas (brain refgions)